The Autonomic and Sympathetic nervous systems

The act of restraint involves the Autonomic and Sympathetic nervous systems. What are these systems, and how are they related to urination?

Sympathetic nervous system

This system is mainly active in times of emergency, stress, and sudden threat. It is responsible for activating responses aimed at dealing with conditions such as stopping digestive activities, as well as activities of urinary retention (which require energy for the purpose of delaying urination).

During the activity of the sympathetic system, there are changes in blood flow, contraction of blood vessels in the skin, relaxation of the respiratory muscles, secretion of adrenaline and more.

Parasympathetic nervous system

This system is mainly active in a state where the body is at rest. It is responsible for a state of routine: it regulates continuous physiological activities such as respiration and heart activity. It is mainly responsible for the activities of preservation, digestion, secretion, increasing energy stores, regeneration of cells, and secretion of growth hormones.

The parasympathetic nerves emerge mainly from the elongated skeletal region, and from the lower part of the spinal cord. The system is primarily activated by reflexes in response to internal stimuli.

Autonomic nervous systems are part of the peripheral nervous system, which is part of the body’s nervous system. This system is responsible for regulating actions that are not consciously directed, that is, not subjected to conscious control, and continue even during sleep or unconsciousness. These actions include regular heartbeat, breathing, sweating and saliva and more.

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